chmod Calculator

chmod Calculator — Unix File Permissions

Unix/Linux file permissions are defined for three groups: owner (user), group, and others. Each group has three bits: read (r=4), write (w=2), execute (x=1). The sum of set bits gives a number from 0 to 7.

Common permission values

• 644 — regular file: owner reads/writes, others read only;
• 755 — directory or executable: owner has full access, others read and execute;
• 600 — private file (SSH keys, .env): owner only;
• 777 — full permissions for everyone (avoid in production).

Frequently Asked Questions

• What is the difference between permissions 755 and 777?

  Permissions 755 (rwxr-xr-x) give the owner full access while the group and others can only read and execute. Permissions 777 (rwxrwxrwx) allow everyone to read, write and execute. Using 777 on a web server is dangerous because it lets any user modify scripts. Use 755 for directories and executables, and reserve 777 only for temporary upload directories when strictly necessary.

• How do I find the numeric code from a symbolic permission string?

  Enter the symbolic string (e.g. rwxr--r--) in the symbolic format field. The calculator automatically converts it to the corresponding number (744 in this example). You can also tick the checkboxes for read, write and execute for each of the three groups — the numeric value updates instantly as you click.

• What permissions should I set for a WordPress directory?

  For most WordPress directories (wp-content, wp-admin, wp-includes) the recommended permission is 755. This gives the owner full access and allows the group and others to read and execute. For individual files inside those directories, use 644. The uploads folder may require 777 if the server process runs as a different user than the file owner — consult your hosting provider's documentation before changing anything.